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4.12.B describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy through food webs, including the roles of the Sun, producers, consumers, and decomposers

5.12.B predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the cycling of matter and flow of energy in a food web

7.12.A diagram the flow of energy within trophic levels and describe how the available energy decreases in successive trophic levels in energy

7.12.B describe how ecosystems are sustained by the continuous flow of energy and the recycling of matter and nutrients within the biosphere

8.12.A explain how disruptions such as population changes, natural disasters, and human intervention impact the transfer of energy in food webs in ecosystems