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4.10.A describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process;

4.10.B model and describe slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice;

4.10.C differentiate between weather and climate

5.10.A explain how the Sun and the ocean interact in the water cycle and affect weather;

5.10.C model and identify how changes to Earth's surface by wind, water, or ice result in the formation of landforms, including deltas, canyons, and sand dunes

6.10.A differentiate between the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere and identify components of each system;

6.10.B model and describe the layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

7.10.A describe the evidence that supports that Earth has changed over time, including fossil evidence, plate tectonics, and superposition

7.10.B describe how plate tectonics causes ocean basin formation, earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic eruptions, including supervolcanoes and hot spots